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Description
Rat IL21 ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipette and gun tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37 constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4 overnight, then centrifuge at 1000g for 20
Product Specification
| Usage |
Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipette and gun tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37℃ constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4℃ overnight, then centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes, and take the supernatant, or store the supernatant at -20℃ or -80℃, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Plasma: Collect the specimen using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge the specimen at 1000 × g for 15 minutes at 2-8°C within 30 minutes of collection. The supernatant can be assayed or stored at -20°C or -80°C, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh the tissue and mince it. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1 g of tissue sample to 9 mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000 × g for 5-10 minutes, and the supernatant can be assayed. Cell Lysis Buffer: Gently wash adherent cells with ice-cold PBS, then trypsinize and collect cells by centrifugation at 1000×g for 5 minutes. Suspension cells can be collected directly by centrifugation. Wash collected cells three times with ice-cold PBS and resuspend in 150-200 μL of PBS per 1×10^6 cells (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS; if the cell count is very low, reduce the PBS volume appropriately). Disrupt the cells by repeated freeze-thaw cycles or sonication. Centrifuge the extract at 1500×g for 10 minutes at 2-8°C, and remove the supernatant for analysis. Cell Culture Supernatant: Centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes. Remove the supernatant for analysis or store at -20°C or -80°C, avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Prepare the standard gradient working solution: Add 1mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 500pg/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 500pg/mL, 250pg/mL, 125pg/mL, 62.5pg/mL, 31.25pg/mL, 15.625pg/mL, 7.8125pg/mL, and 0pg/mL. Serial dilution method: Take seven EP tubes and add 500uL of universal diluent to each tube. Pipette 500uL of the 500pg/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 250pg/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube serves as a blank well; there is no need to pipette liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of biotinylated detection antibody working solution: Centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute 15 minutes before use. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10uL concentrate + 990uL universal diluent). Prepare and use immediately. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit utilizes a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with Interleukin 21 (IL21) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB is converted to blue by peroxidase (HRP) catalysis and to yellow by acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the amount of Interleukin 21 (IL21) in the sample. The absorbance (OD) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Rat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Rat Interleukin 21 ELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Interleukin-21 (IL21) is a protein encoded by the IL21 gene. IL21 is a cytokine with powerful regulatory effects on cells of the immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells, which can destroy virally infected or cancerous cells. IL21 expression is upregulated in the helper T cell subsets Th2 and Th17 cells, as well as in follicular T cells. IL21 is also expressed in NKT cells, which regulate the function of these cells. This cytokine induces cell division/proliferation in its target cells. The IL21 receptor (IL21R) is expressed on the surface of T, B, and NK cells. The structure of IL21R is similar to that of other type I cytokine receptors, such as IL-2R and IL-15, requiring dimerization with the common γ chain (γc) for IL21 binding. Upon binding to IL21, the IL21 receptor acts through the Jak/STAT pathway, utilizing Jak1 and Jak3, as well as STAT3 homologs, to activate its target genes. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 7.81-500 pg/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenate, cell lysate, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids |
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4.3 ★★★★★
Based on 122 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
It's a YES. Love this stuff.
I usually don't write reviews but... this stuff is amazing for me. I don't have eczema but I needed a face lotion that didn't break me out since Iv'e been having problems with acne lately. I used this awhile ago and tried other products but nothing worked like this. It is so gentle on my face and also IT REMOVES EYE MAKEUP, which is a real game changer for me since even showering cannot take off my mascara at times. But this just swipes it away completely as well as moisturizes which is perfect. Skin feels soft and no irritations, it also lasts forever but keep it out of the heat because it will melt if it gets too hot. It is similar to stick sunscreens IMO and has a bit of a gritty texture at times but it is not abrasive and goes on smoothly. Smells like lavender but is not too overpowering of a smell. The ingredients are really clean too which is hard to find nowadays. For this price, I will be coming back from now on. This is a winner for me!
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on August 7, 2025
★★★★★ 3
smells like lavender, but otherwise good
smells intensely of lavender, which I do *not* enjoy. it's not added just as a perfume, so they're claiming it's unscented, but the lavender smell will definitely follow you around.
texture is a little sandy and crumbly (think like a Burt's Bees chapstick texture instead of a smooth Chapstick brand one), which I actually like, it feels like it really applies well instead of just gliding on top of the skin.
smooth once it's on the skin, transfers and wipes off easily but that's expected of a balm, and it's easy to reapply. definitely a good size for the price, but the stick is so big that it's actually a little unwieldy to apply on eczema around the hands or face.
it works moderately well for my eczema patches, but honestly the lavender smell is so strong and off putting to me that I'll probably give it away anyways.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 22, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Perfect for dry, sensitive skin
I have extremely sensitive, dry skin. I also hate the feeling of oily lotion on my hands. I love using this stick so I don’t have to get the lotion on my hands and it hasn’t irritated my skin at all. It is extremely thick and sometimes hard to spread on without it being clumpy, but that’s not an issue for me.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 11, 2026
★★★★★ 5
In most of all circumstances, this works
Style: SPF 50, Size: 6 Fl Oz (Pack of 2)
For Summer time and when playing and working in the sun, this is my go to sunscreen! I love how it is more natural than all the other ones out there. I have been sort of a spray on sunscreen connoisseur and this is the one that is my favorite. Also, if I have gotten a burn and put this on it, I believe it helps start the healing process on the burn I got. This is at least what I experienced multiple times last year.
The only circumstance that this sunscreen fails miserably is in the Caribbean. I recently went on a cruise to that region and applied this sunscreen and it became evident that this and the other brands of spray on sunscreen do not work in Caribbean sun. The only sunscreen that works is the lotion based stuff that you rub into your skin. I have also consulted with friends on spray on sunscreen in the Caribbean and they all fail as well.
So, this is why I say that it works in almost every circumstance.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 1, 2023
★★★★★ 1
spray nozzle needs work.
Style: SPF 50, Size: 6 Fl Oz (Pack of 2)
I purchased 3 of these cans. Only one of them worked and that one was ok. Sprayed well, smelled good and and protected my skin and even though it was hard to press it to work, we WERE able to use it, but the other three .............? They would not rotate to the unlock position, therefore they would not spray. My husband and I tried everything to get it to rotate. It seems both the top and bottom ring spin around effectively doing nothing. So to pay almost $40 for only one can to work is definitley not worth the money. Buy somewhere else.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 7, 2024
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